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Collectivization of agriculture and nationalization of property in the village of Uhřice u Sedlce - Prčice in Czech Siberia between 1945 and 1960
Trojovská, Pavlína ; Kocian, Jiří (advisor) ; Klípa, Ondřej (referee)
The described development in the village of Uhřice (Sedlec - Prčice) with detailed consideration of two mills reflects the political, social and economic changes in Czechoslovakia that began in February 1948. In particular the collectivisation of agriculture accompanied by confiscation and nationalisation of movable and immovable assets in the region traditionally linked to a peasant way of life. The example of the village Uhřice and the studied mills illustrates the transformation of the area hidden under the term "Socialisation of the countryside". At the same time, it bears witness to the fact that ideology itself is not a crime in its entirety; the crimes are committed by the people themselves - the perpetrators, those who do so in good faith, as well as those who act for personal gain. The work is based mainly on written documents preserved in the State District Archives in Příbram and Benešov. The findings are set in the broader context of the legal and political framework. For this reason, the period under study is limited to the first half of the 1970s.
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Social legislation in Czech lands in the years 1918 - 1948
Roubíková, Petra ; Kuklík, Jan (advisor) ; Kindl, Vladimír (referee) ; Rákosník, Jakub (referee)
Social legislation in Czech lands in the years 1918 - 1948 Abstract The dissertation deals with the theme of social legislation in the period of 1918-1948. i.e. during the so called First, Second and Third Czechoslovak republic. However, the foundations of the Czechoslovak laws in this area lays in the period of Austrian laws, especially from the second half of the 19.th century. Development of social legislation was directly conected with the existence of a legal regulation of modern municipal self-government and higher levels of self-government. Two very important acts were adopted in this respect: Act No. 18/1862 The empire's code implemented on 5th March 1862 "The Act on Municipal matters" and on 3rd December 1863 Act. No. 105/1863 The empire's code "The act about Domestic rights". For poor relief the "The Poverty act" (Act No. 59/1868 The provincial code) was enacted on 3rd December 1868. Based on the social policies of "stick and carrot" of Otto von Bismarck in Germany, the Austrian Government enacted series of Acts on health and other types of social insurance systems, which were not universal, but had differences for different types of workers and employees, for example for miners, factory workers or white collars. Because the Act No. 11/ 1918 Coll. of laws transferred practically all existing...
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Nationalization of clothes's company NEHERA (1945-1948)
Buršíková, Alena ; Kubů, Eduard (advisor) ; Štolleová, Barbora (referee)
This thesis is a case study of the clothing company Nehera, clothing service in Prostějov in years 1945 - 1948. It analyzes the changes the company went through after the war. It especially covers the underlying mechanism of the nationalization process which it also explains. Attention is paid to the conversion from a private company to the national company. It also studies the principles which the newly formed national company operated on. Thereby it covers the results the nationalization brought.
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Olomouc cheese - production, business, consumption, 1938-1960
Sedláček, Petr ; Kubů, Eduard (advisor) ; Jakubec, Ivan (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with topic of production, enterprise and consumption of "Olomoucké tvarůžky" (Olomouc cottage cheese) in a 1938-1960 period on the ground of bohemian lands, or Czechoslovakia respectively. It summarizes development of this branch up to the year 1938 and observes how it was affected by the consequences of the Munich Treaty. The thesis puts closer look at the types of state interventions in production of Olomouc cottage cheese in war and postwar time. It also observes process of socialization and subsequent nationalization of private businesses in 1950s. Then it focuses on major aspects of business in this branch and brings more detailed study of three typical entrepreneurs according to the scale of their involvement. The thesis furthermore characterizes production of Olomouc cottage cheese as an individual branch of dairy industry. It surveys number, form, regional dislocation and machinery of businesses. Then it considers amount of production of Olomouc cottage cheese, its relation to total cheese production, to type of plant and region. It deals with number, structure and position of employees in Olomouc cottage cheese businesses. It also concerns export of Olomouc cottage cheese. Last chapter inquires position of Olomouc cottage cheese in consumption habits of population...
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Zruč nad Sázavou during period 1945-1948. Memories, memorials, reality
Loudová, Veronika ; Míšková, Alena (advisor) ; Nováková, Tamara (referee)
This banchelor thesis "Zruč nad Sázavou during period 1945-1948: memories, memorials, reality" contains a description of all the important events that occurred in the postwar period in this town. The thesis is divided into six key chapters. The first chapter introduces to the reader the town and its genesis and development till the Second World War period. Also war acts are not omitted, which greatly influenced life in the small town. The second chapter deals with the local uprisings and changes that have brought these moments in May. The following three principal chapters descrie the development of the town after occupation. Local Communist Party, a post-war elections and the Communist takeover are mentioned as well. The last chapter is devoted to the company Bata, which was most affected by the post-war changes. In this thesis are also testimonies of witnesses who remember the events of that period.
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Nationalization and confiscation between 1945 and 1948
Holfeld, Christian ; Kuklík, Jan (advisor) ; Skřejpková, Petra (referee)
The diploma thesis deals primarily with the so-called first stage of the nationalization process in Czechoslovakia, which took place between 1945 - 1948, and the post-war confiscations of the same period, as well. The objective of the thesis is particularly to describe and analyze the then relevant legal regulations and place them adequately in the historical context. The content of the five thematic chapters is adapted to this topic. First, it attempts to define the basic concepts of nationalization, appropriation, socialization, expropriation and confiscation. Subsequently, it examines the basic historical roots of the concept of nationalization. It does so especially by comparing the approaches to proprietary rights through the prism of two dominant ideologies, namely liberalism and socialism. The core of the thesis consists of the nationalization and confiscation decrees themselves and the issues related. The National Institute of Administration was closely associated with this issue, as well. From the legislator's point of view, it was also necessary to distinguish which assets were to be confiscated and which, on the other hand, nationalized. The film industry first, followed by mines and large industrial enterprises, the food industry, banking and insurance companies were subject to...
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The role of Czechoslovak unions in the years 1945-1948
Padevět, Pavel ; Kocian, Jiří (advisor) ; Kučera, Jaroslav (referee)
Základy odborového hnutí byly v českých zemích položeny na přelomu 19. a 20. století. Dělníci v nich nalezli způsob, jak bojovat se zaměstnavateli o vylepšení svých pracovních, mzdových a sociálních podmínek. Někdy se opravdu jednalo o ekonomický boj, když dělníci zahájili stávku a přerušili tím výrobu, jindy stačila dohoda po společném vyjednávání. K větší efektivitě prosazování svých požadavků se od vzniku Československa pokoušeli odboráři propracovat sjednocením, ale z důvodu politické různorodosti všechna jejich jednání skončila neúspěchem. Odborová jednota nastala až po okupaci nacistickým Německem a pod rouškou legálnosti odborů se v nich začala utvářet významná odbojová skupina. Poválečná obnova státu, na které se odbory měly nemalou měrou podílet, byla ve spojení s jejich tehdejší popularitou velkou příležitostí vytvořit pro zaměstnance co nejpříznivější podmínky. Ozbrojené stráže závodů, ve kterých na výrobu dohlížely závodní rady podléhající odborové pravomoci, nebo správa národního pojištění byly novými benefity, pomocí kterých se měly zlepšovat pracovní a mzdové podmínky pracujících. Odbory však v té době již ztratily svou tvář a jejich členská základna svou nespokojenost dávala najevo stávkami a demonstracemi.
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